vineri, 11 martie 2016

Circe și Odysseus (Ulysse)

Îmi pare rău pentru necunoscătorii de engleză, articolul va fi alcătuit și din texte în engleză copiate de pe net...Dar așa, pe scurt, am să spun că în peregrinările sale Ulise a nimerit și pe insula vrăjitoarei Circe, care a transformat echipajul corăbiei lui Ulise, devarcat să caute provizii, în porci. Pe Ulise l-a ajutat hermes (Mercur) care deh, era și el cel mai șmecher dintre zei și era normal să îl placă pe vicleanul lui protejat.

Zeul i-a dat lui Ulise o plantă care l-a scăpat de efectul poțiunii pe cre i-a dat-o Circe. Momentul în care a fost momit să bea din cupa vrăjitoarei a fost imortalizat de John William Waterhouse într-unul din tablourile sale.





Și astfel Ulise și-a recăpătat echipajul și chiar mai mult, i-a căzut așa de tare cu tronc vrăjitoarei încât aceasta l-a ajutat nu numai să îl potolească pe Poseidon, dar și cum să scape de sirene ascultându-le cântecul dar nearuncându-se în brațele pline de pierzanie ale lor (deh, vrăjitoarele între ele), dar și să scape nevătămat din trecătoarea păzită de Scylla și Caribda. În Plus Circe și Ulise au avut și doi copii, semn că Ulise n-a rămas chiar de lemn tănase în fața farmecului frumoasei vrăjitoare.

”Kirke (Circe) is the daughter of Helios (the Sun) and Perseis, which would make her the grand-daughter of Okeanos (Ocean).

On her island... in her palace... Kirke waits for lost sailors to come wandering to her door as supplicants. Normally, a traveler is treated as a special guest but with Kirke, travelers are drugged and then served as dinner.

Odysseus and his desperate crew went ashore on the island of Aiaia hoping to find food and water. Odysseus sent twenty-three men to explore the island but only one returned. As the men walked from the beach they could hear sweet singing from Kirke’s home in a forest glen. Wild lions and wolves (drugged by Kirke) came, wagging their tails, to greet the strangers. They were charmed by her beauty and drank the potions she offered as refreshment. As Kirke’s vile drugs took effect, the once valiant men began to change shape and were soon fully transformed into swine. Kirke herded them into pens and threw pig food on the ground before them.

The sole survivor, Eurylochos, ran back to Odysseus and urged that they set sail immediately. He told the story of the evil goddess and how they would all be turned into swine if they dared to stay on that dangerous island (his warnings unfortunately took on the air of cowardice... Odysseus almost killed him for it). Odysseus was not afraid. He would not leave his men as swine and he would not risk any of the other men in a fight with Kirke. Odysseus went to Kirke’s palace alone.

Along the trail, Odysseus met Hermes (the messenger of the Immortals) in the guise of a young man. Hermes told Odysseus that he could entrap Kirke and free his companions if he obeyed the gods orders. Hermes reached down and pulled a plant called ‘moly’ from the ground and explained that mere mortals found it difficult to dig-up but he, as a god, could do all things. Odysseus took the ‘good medicine’ and went boldly into Kirke’s house. She welcomed him as another victim and gave him her vile potions but the ‘good medicine’ gave Odysseus protection. When Kirke thought the drugs had taken effect, she struck Odysseus with her wand. The wand was supposed to complete the transformation process but Odysseus drew his sword and sprang upon her. The astonished Kirke surrendered instantly. She released the twenty-two pig-men and ceremoniously anointed them with another one of her potions. The men were restored to their original forms but they were taller and more handsome than before they had been enswined.

To show her good faith, Kirke opened her doors to the dispirited sailors and gave them every comfort she could offer. After the entire crew had been rested and nourished, Kirke told Odysseus that his journey would now take him to the House of Hades (lord of the Underworld). He must consult with the soul of the seer, Teiresias the Theban, to find out how he may finally appease Poseidon (lord of the Sea) and return to his home.

After seeing the soul of Teiresias the Theban, Odysseus returned to Aiaia. Kirke bid him a final goodbye and told him how to safely sail past the island of the Sirens, the six headed Skylla and the monster Kharybdis (Charybdis).

Kirke and Odysseus had two children, Agrios and Latinos.
Greek Mythology

Circe Offering the Cup to Ulysses is an oil painting in the Pre-Raphaelite style by John William Waterhouse that was created in 1891.
(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circe_Offering_the_Cup_to_Ulysses
)

Un alt tablou al lui John William Waterhose avănd ca subiect pe vrăjitoarea Circe este cel intitulat Circe Invidiosa. Pe scurt povestea e așa: Circe era prietenă cu un pescar pe nume Glaucus, transformat de niște ierburi magice într-un monstru al apelor. Glaucus s-a îndrăgostit de o nimfă frumoasă dar aceasta nici nu a vrut să audă de el. Atunci Glaucus i-a cerut ajutorul lui Circe, care a aruncat o poțiune în râul în care se scălda Scylla și apoi a vrăjit-o să devină un monstru cu 6 câini în partea de jos a corpului...Dar așa monstru cum era tot nu l-a acceptat pe monstrul de Glaucus ca iubit.

Circe Invidiosa Detail


Who may see the passage of a goddess unless
she willed his his mortal eyes aware?"
Homer ....."The Odyssey"
A child of the sea, and the sunlight to men...
She comes to you with a glow within
"A form of grace and beauty rare, "
A singing nymph with sun-bright hair"
Her eyes the color of the azure sea..
But watch closely and you shall see,
How her eyes shall mirror these:
The seas, the storms, the noon sky so bright
The iris, and the new dawn's light,
The hearts of men, whose souls they bare,
When in her company, they do share.
Endless treasures and gifts so rare...
With magic kiss upon your brow,
She seeks to cure your troubles
And if perchance you would allow,
A healing she would render.
O! Harried , weary seekers!
Rest easy in her care!
For she may cure your troubles
Circe

In mythology there are several figures named Glaucus, probably the most famous mythological tale is of Glaucus the fisherman

Glaucus was fishing in the river, he hauled in his catch, and on emptying his net noticed the fish he had already caught were reviving, and escaping back into the water, wondering what was causing this to happen, he took a closer look and realized he had emptied his catch on a patch of strange herbs on the river bank. Glaucus picked a handful of these strange herbs, and on tasting them had an urge to enter the river, he plunged in, and no sooner had he entered the water he had changed into a sea-monster with sea-green hair, huge broad shoulders and a fish-like tail. His transformation was accepted by the gods, and so Glaucus became immortal, a sea-god

One day he spied a beautiful girl, Scylla, a favorite of the water-nymphs, and fell instantly in love with her. Scylla on seeing Glaucus ran away, and no matter how he tried she kept on rejecting him. Felling sorry for himself Glaucus went to the island of Aeaea to confide in Circe, she was a sorceress and had the power to cast spells. Glaucus told Circe of his love for Scylla and of her rejection for him, he also told Circe that he could never love anyone else except Scylla.

Circe, who was very fond of Glaucus felt angered by this, and made her way to the island of Sicily, where Scylla lived. While Scylla bathed in a small spring, the jealous Circe poured a potion of herbs into the water, then cast her spell. From the lower half of her body Scylla grew six monstrous dogs, but the upper half remained intact. Totally appalled by the appearance of her body she hid herself away in a grotto on the straits of Messina, and there she stayed, but she could not stop the monstrous dogs from devouring unsuspecting sailors who steered to close to her cave, and Glaucus continued to pursue Scylla but to no avail.
pantheon.org


John William Waterhouse mai are și alte tablouri pe care le-am găsit fie cu numele de Circe, fie de vrăjitoare. De exemplu acesta se intitulează ”Schită pentru Circe” da și ”Sorceress” adică ”Vrăjitoarea”
 O variantă a acestui tablou arată așa și pe net se cheamă simplu Circe



Tot din seria vrăjitoarelor este și tabloul intitulat ”The Charmer”
Deși ar mai fi tablouri cu tema vrăjitoriei (se pare că Waterhouse era fascinat de această temă) am să mă opresc la Magic Circle, despre care Wicannele de azi sigur știu mai multe:
Desigur, Odiseea lui Homer a inspirat dealungul mileniilor mulți oameni de artă, printre ei și Angelica Kauffmann care a pictat  Circe enticing Ulysses, 1786, un tablou mult mai luminos decât cele ale lui Waterhouse. În acest tablou Circe e aproape umană. Deh, dacă nici femeile nu s-or înțelege între ele...











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